See -ilaz on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-ol"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-ul"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-ol"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-ul"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*-ul"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "-ill"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "-all"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-ull"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"word": "-la"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "-ill"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "-ill"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "-all"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-ull"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"word": "-la"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "-all"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "-ill"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "-all"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-ull"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"word": "-la"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-ull"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "-ill"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "-all"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-ull"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"word": "-la"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"word": "-la"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-lós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-lós"
],
[
"*-trom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-trom"
],
[
"*-dʰlom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-dʰlom"
],
[
"*-tlom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tlom"
],
[
"*-yeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yeti"
],
[
"-ula",
"-ula#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*-lós<id:agent nouns><unc:1>",
"4": ":der",
"5": "ine-pro:*-trom<id:tool noun><unc:1>",
"id": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"tool noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tḗr\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-trom\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ilaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-id=\"agent noun\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*-ilaz\" id=\"Proto-Germanic:_agent_noun\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-lós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-lós",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-trom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-trom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-dʰlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tlom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ula"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ula",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Formally appears to be a thematicized variant of Proto-Indo-European *-lós.\nKroonen (2017) instead derives this from the Proto-Indo-European *-trom family of instrumental nominal suffixes, specifically the lambdacized variants Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom and Proto-Indo-European *-tlom. The former suffix and the voiced Verner's alternant of the latter would undergo an assimilation to *-lla-. The geminate consonant would have later shortened to make *-la- which was suffixed onto stems with *-yeti, forming the Germanic agent suffix. Compare Latin -ula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-il",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ilą",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ulaz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*-ilaz m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilaz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 17 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 10 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 8 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-ilingaz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er: suffix forming agent nouns and instrument nouns such as tools"
],
"id": "en--ilaz-gem-pro-suffix-gem_pro:agent_noun",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:agent noun"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.lɑz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-i.lɑz"
}
],
"word": "-ilaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-ill"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"word": "-la"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-ill"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-ill"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"word": "-la"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"word": "-la"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "-ila",
"word": "-𐌹𐌻𐌰"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-ló-s",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-lós"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*-lós<id:agent nouns>",
"id": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ilaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-id=\"diminutive\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*-ilaz\" id=\"Proto-Germanic:_diminutive\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-e-ló-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-e-ló-s",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-e-ló-s, thematized from *-ló-s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-il",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ulaz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*-ilaz m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilaz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms diminutive nouns from noun stems"
],
"id": "en--ilaz-gem-pro-suffix-gem_pro:diminutive",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"Appendix:Glossary#diminutive"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:diminutive"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.lɑz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-i.lɑz"
}
],
"word": "-ilaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "-ill"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "-ill"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "-ils",
"word": "-𐌹𐌻𐍃"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"-ilis",
"-ilis#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*-lós<id:agent nouns>",
"id": "adjectival"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ilaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-id=\"adjectival\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*-ilaz\" id=\"Proto-Germanic:_adjectival\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ilis"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ilis",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to the above etymologies. Compare Latin -ilis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-iliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-iliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "*-alaz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ulaz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ilaz",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilaz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms adjectives from verbs, meaning “-ing” or “tending to …” (alternative form of *-ulaz)"
],
"id": "en--ilaz-gem-pro-suffix-gem_pro:adjectival",
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
],
[
"*-ulaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ulaz"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:adjectival"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.lɑz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-i.lɑz"
}
],
"word": "-ilaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/i.lɑz",
"Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/i.lɑz/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-ilingaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-ol"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-ul"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
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}
],
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"word": "-el"
}
],
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},
{
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{
"descendants": [
{
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},
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}
],
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}
],
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"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-ol"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
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},
{
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}
],
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}
],
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},
{
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{
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],
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
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],
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}
],
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"lang_code": "osx",
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},
{
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{
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{
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],
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}
],
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},
{
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{
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],
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
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"word": "-el"
}
],
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}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
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}
],
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},
{
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},
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},
{
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"m"
],
"word": "-ull"
},
{
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],
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},
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],
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{
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{
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],
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},
{
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],
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},
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{
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"lang_code": "sv",
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],
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}
],
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},
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},
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},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
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"m"
],
"word": "-ull"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"word": "-la"
},
{
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"m"
],
"word": "-il"
},
{
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{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "-el"
}
],
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"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-ull"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "-ill"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "-all"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-ull"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"word": "-la"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-il"
},
{
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{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"word": "-la"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-lós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-lós"
],
[
"*-trom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-trom"
],
[
"*-dʰlom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-dʰlom"
],
[
"*-tlom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tlom"
],
[
"*-yeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yeti"
],
[
"-ula",
"-ula#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*-lós<id:agent nouns><unc:1>",
"4": ":der",
"5": "ine-pro:*-trom<id:tool noun><unc:1>",
"id": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"tool noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tḗr\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-trom\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ilaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-id=\"agent noun\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*-ilaz\" id=\"Proto-Germanic:_agent_noun\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-lós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-lós",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-trom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-trom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-dʰlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tlom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ula"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ula",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Formally appears to be a thematicized variant of Proto-Indo-European *-lós.\nKroonen (2017) instead derives this from the Proto-Indo-European *-trom family of instrumental nominal suffixes, specifically the lambdacized variants Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlom and Proto-Indo-European *-tlom. The former suffix and the voiced Verner's alternant of the latter would undergo an assimilation to *-lla-. The geminate consonant would have later shortened to make *-la- which was suffixed onto stems with *-yeti, forming the Germanic agent suffix. Compare Latin -ula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-il",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ilą",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ulaz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*-ilaz m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilaz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-er: suffix forming agent nouns and instrument nouns such as tools"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:agent noun"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.lɑz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-i.lɑz"
}
],
"word": "-ilaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/i.lɑz",
"Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/i.lɑz/2 syllables"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-ill"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"word": "-la"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-ill"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-ill"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"word": "-la"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"raw_tags": [
"f"
],
"word": "-la"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "-ila",
"word": "-𐌹𐌻𐌰"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*-ló-s",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-lós"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*-lós<id:agent nouns>",
"id": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ilaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-id=\"diminutive\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*-ilaz\" id=\"Proto-Germanic:_diminutive\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-e-ló-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-e-ló-s",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-e-ló-s, thematized from *-ló-s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-il",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ulaz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*-ilaz m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilaz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms diminutive nouns from noun stems"
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"Appendix:Glossary#diminutive"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:diminutive"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.lɑz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-i.lɑz"
}
],
"word": "-ilaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/i.lɑz",
"Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/i.lɑz/2 syllables"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-le"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds-de",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-il"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*-il"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "-ill"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "-ill"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "-ils",
"word": "-𐌹𐌻𐍃"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"-ilis",
"-ilis#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*-lós<id:agent nouns>",
"id": "adjectival"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ilaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-id=\"adjectival\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*-ilaz\" id=\"Proto-Germanic:_adjectival\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ilis"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ilis",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to the above etymologies. Compare Latin -ilis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-iliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-iliniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "-ilammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "*-alaz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-ulaz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ilaz",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ilaz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms adjectives from verbs, meaning “-ing” or “tending to …” (alternative form of *-ulaz)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English"
],
[
"*-ulaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ulaz"
]
],
"senseid": [
"gem-pro:adjectival"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.lɑz/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-i.lɑz"
}
],
"word": "-ilaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ilaz meaning in All languages combined (27.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.